Accessible Tables

This help article outlines why accessible tables are important to consider when creating content, how content authors should use tables, and where tables may be relevant.

Why are Accessible Tables Important?

Tables are a common way to present complex information in an organized manner, making it easier for users to comprehend the content. Accessible tables are particularly important for users who rely on assistive technologies, such as screen readers, as proper table structure enables them to efficiently navigate and understand the information presented. It is critical for the accessibility of your content that any tables within your document are specifically used for data only and are organized with clear table structure using a header row and/or column. 

An accessible table allows users with screen reading software to quickly and directly navigate to the information they’re looking for within a table. Likewise, a visually accessible and engaging table allows sighted users to quickly find the information they’re looking for by examining a table’s headings.

How do I create Accessible Tables?

Use Header Rows/Columns

All tables should have one header column, one header row, or both one header column and header row. Whether you choose to implement a header column, row, or both will depend on the situation and the information you’re communicating.

Using a header row

Using a header column

Using a header row and a header column

Avoid Tables for Layout

Tables should only be used as a way to organize and present data; tables should not be used for formatting or design purposes.

Keep Tables Simple

Complex tables with merged cells, nested tables, or multiple levels of headers can be difficult to navigate and understand for users with disabilities. Whenever possible, simplify the table structure and break complex tables into simpler ones.

Where Should I Utilize Tables?

Please reference the following resources to learn how to work with tables in your content:

HTML Content

• Content & Media at pdx.edu

Non-HTML Content

• Adobe Acrobat

  • Validating PDF Accessibility in Adobe Acrobat Pro

  • Repairing Inaccessible PDFs in Adobe Acrobat Pro

• Foxit PhantomPDF

  • Validating PDF Accessibility in Foxit PhantomPDF

  • Repairing Inaccessible PDFs in Foxit PhantomPDF

• Microsoft Office

  • Microsoft Support for Adding Alternative Text to Graphics

  • Microsoft Support for Creating Accessible Office Documents

Google Workspace

• Add and edit tables Google Apps support article

• Accessibility for Google Workspace

University Policy Connection

Accessible use of tables is a critical step in complying with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2 per Portland State University’s Digital Accessibility Policy. Please reference the following World Wide Web Consortium help article for more information:

• Understanding WCAG 2  Success Criterion 1.3.1: Info and Relationships